Unit Assign Free Essays

As of now Maryland and New York are the sole two states that are using such a database, however only a small amount of fire arms have been recorded so far which is seriously impeding the possibilities and achievements one could get out of such a system. Paul Evans, Boson’s police commissioner was quoted at a news conference stating â€Å"We think it would be a great law enforcement tool. † Evans said. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit Assign or any similar topic only for you Order Now While hoping for a bill to pass that would subject all fire arms sold state wide to be recorded in a database. Case and point being when law enforcement run tests on seized fire arms more likely than not they find that numerous crimes across efferent cities in one State can be linked to one fire arm that may have been sold or passed around sort of speak. This technology was first introduced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms in 1 995, which was called the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network, allowing law enforcement the ability to match shell casings and bullets found at crime scenes to the exact fire arm that ejected or expended said rounds. Summary Every barrel on a fire arm leaves unique scarring or markings on bullets or ejected shell casings that have been fired. These specific markings are much like human finger prints allowing law enforcement to make a match that is detrimental in solving and in turn preventing crime. The Massachusetts bill would require that gun makers shipping firearms into the state for sale a test- fired bullet and shell casing would come with it. The Massachusetts State Police would then record them as electronic images for storage in a computer. Evans expected a large amount of resistance from gun owners for requiring such a large national gun registry causing law abiding citizens who wan fire arms to feel as if they were being looked upon as criminals. Although this database would be quite small due to only recording new fire arms, Evans was quoted saying â€Å"We have to start somewhere. † A bill along the same lines is being introduced in Connecticut by state Representative Michael Lealer, and D-East Haven. State Senator Jack Scott, D-Pasadena, of California is also planning to introduce a like bill although Lealer is expecting a large amount of support. How to cite Unit Assign, Papers

Operations Management for Retail Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOperations Management for Retail Management. Answer: Introduction Mechanism which refers to the administration of the business operations and practices so as to generate highest level of efficiency within the business organization can be termed as operations management. Primarily the key idea has been made focused on the management and administration of the operations or the methodologies which can be settled by the business organization for developing and enhancing the proficiency. This will in-turn lead accomplish a a hike in the level of effectiveness in the functionalities and operations executed by the business corporation. The process of operations management likewise comprises of the transformation of the raw materials and data into products and ventures so as to attain the best level of productivity leading to a higher profitability. The core concern of the concept is maintaining the balance between the expenses and the revenues so as to attain the most raised net profit for the business corporation. As described in details the procedure al so involves the management which makes the optimum utilization of human resource, materials, mechanisms and tools and the creativity. The concept is a way more widespread term and manages varied range of complex functionalities within the business corporation. Making decisions regarding the implementation or installing the plants, mechanisms and strategies for extending the corporation and also utilizing the structure of data for innovation systems etc. are some relevant examples of operations management. The business entity also faces number of issues while executing various operations which are associated with this concept. Maintaining inventory levels, managing the WIP levels and raw materials procurement and dealing with raw materials and quality control are some of the functions which are being executed within the procedure of operations management. Additionally it also includes directing, outlining, controlling, the different methodologies within the business entity. The below summarized is analysis which has been executed over the concept of operations management for BHP Billiton (Heizer, 2016). The business corporation is a multinational brand name in the sector of Anglo-Australian multinational mining, metals and petroleum. The business corporation is a dual-listed public company which is headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Moreover the further report has been analyzed on challenges which can be faced by the operations management section within the organization. Impact of challenges on business The below described are some of the operational issues which can be faced by BHP Billiton: Challenging technologies Technological modification and up-gradation is the factor which has been considered as very much empirical for each and every business corporation. Technology is the term which has various impacts on the business operations and also allows enjoying both the tangible and intangible benefits (Oksbdc 2015). These benefits aid the firm in attaining better productivity, quality products, and customer satisfaction through better delivery of products etc. As every coin has two phases, same is here, there are both positive and negative impacts of the technological changes within the business corporation. The below presented are the issues of the challenges which can be faced by BHP Billiton: Integration issues: It is not necessary all the time that the new technology released will match the older or to the existing systems. And this will lead to build a double data entry in the systems which will look in multiple places (Casey 2015). So integration of the new technology with the older one can be proven as a challenge for BHP Billiton. Backup and disaster recovery challenges: If accidentally any of the file gets deleted, due to the power cut, server crash or any other technological miss-happening then the business entity can suffer the problem of data loss. So having a data recovery system is very much essential for the entity and the same can come-up as an issue for the corporation. Continued globalization of markets including 1st and 2nd world entrants Globalization of markets means turning the marketing level to the international regions or extending the limits to all over the globe (Slack, 2015). The concept provides the markets with number of international platforms to deal in which in-turn enhances the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the products and services. This all is due to the emergence of improved and contemporary mechanisms and methodologies. Modernization and globalization are the key players of the concept which aids the markets and the business environment of the business corporation. The below mentioned are some of the challenges which can be faced by BHP Billiton while going international: While trading in the international markets the business entity will have to cope-up with the political environment of the different regions. For instance, the business entity will have to face a challenge as the tax laws and other norms of each and every region in which BHP Billiton is dealing (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013). Moreover, the business entity will also have to face the challenges due to cultural differences. Changing customers expectations Customers are considered as the king of the markets and hence their needs and requirements are one of the significant factors in influencing the business entity and the operations within the same. The products and services are designed and developed after considering the requirements of the consumers which enable the entity in accomplishing the desired objectives and targets. The demand and supply of the products and services totally depend on the consumer preferences, their likes, expectations, income levels etc. These are the relevant and significant factor which is considered as liable in influencing the success and growth of BHP Billiton. The below mentioned are some of the challenges which can be faced by the customers expectations: The customer using a brand always has an expectation of an upgrade and innovation. This, if fulfilled by the business corporation will aid he business entity in the form of number of benefits. But if the firm fails to fulfill the expectations the entity may suffer severe losses such as a decrease in the market share as the consumers will try to switch to the competitors brand. This will also bring the sales bars to a diminishing level (Hitt, Carnes and 2016). Changing job designs Job design is the concept which is concerned with the outlining and organizing the duties and responsibilities so as to accomplish the desired objectives for the business organization. The process also comprise of the methods and connections that are considered as very much essential for a success of a job. Job design have various impacts on the business organization and its operations. The below mentioned are some of the challenges which can be faced by BHP Billiton due to changing job design: If the employees at BHP Billiton are performing and are feeling frustrated due to challenging job design ten there can be a development of demotivation in the employees and a lack of interest can rise. This will be proven problematic for the business entity (Khanna, 2015). Employee turnover ratio and retaining the same will incur heavy expenses for the firm and will be proven as a challenge. Moreover, frequent shifting of the employees develops frustration in their job routine and which can also be the reason for the loosening of the interest and determination in the work. This will have negative impacts over the business organization. Quality management Quality of the products has been considered as one of the significant factor which will drag the business entity to the top of success and growth in the business environment. This variable is an empirical aspect which aids the business entity in providing customer satisfaction (Brown, Bessant and Lamming, 2013). This factor if positively attained will be proven beneficial for the business entity as it aids in enhancing and increasing the market share, building the goodwill, brand equity etc. and the same will be in the case of BHP Billiton. But this all can turn to negative and will impose number of negative impacts over the business entity and the same demonstrated as follows: As quality of the products is the first component and is a priority which is preferred by the consumers. And if BHP Billiton fails to adhere with the management of quality of the product and the management of the same then the business entity will have to face number of negative consequences. For instance, the consumers will be un-satisfied and will try and think to switch to other brands (Mahadevan, 2015). This will bring down the market share, sales graph to a diminishing level and will so tend the company to suffer losses. And all this can develop the concept of quality management as a challenge for the business corporation. Global manufacturing Global Manufacturing is the concept which comprises of the process and procedures under which the business entity produces the components, sub-assemblies, assemblies, and finished products for another company (Bianchi and hlstrm, 2014). This done by leveraging raw material, manufacturing capabilities, cost, and an efficient supply chain that spans all over the globe. This process can be proven very much disadvantageous for the business entity in some cases. For instance, in case of BHP Billiton the business entity can send the mining products for purification and other refining purposes to some other organization. This can be proven expensive. This will bring an increase in the cost of goods sold which will automatically increase the price of the goods. This can tend to a decrease in the demand for the products and will also affect the market share of the business corporation. Impact of success on the operations within the business organization (BHP Billiton) The operations are the functions and the activities which are executed within the organizational structure. The success and growth of an entity totally depends and are also connected on the same (Schwarz, Hall and Shibli, 2015). There are various operations which are considered as very much significant in the path of the success and growth. The below mentioned are some of the operations which are inter-linked with the business entity and are liable in influencing the success and growth of the business corporation: Goods and services design: The products are the outcomes which enable the business entity to earn the revenues and also aid them in attaining the desired objectives and goals. The goods and services are the players which are held liable for influencing the growth and success of the business. Products are the offerings which are served by the firm after considering the requirements and needs of the consumers (Brown et al., 2013). The satisfaction level of the consumers depends on a number of components of the products. One of an empirical factor of the products is the design of the same. The design of the product defines the identity which develops a distinct image of the same in the market (Schnsleben, 2016). Moreover, if BHP Billiton is focusing on the design of the products then it will be aiding the business entity to develop a distinct image of the brand. This will help the entity in sustaining and gaining a competitive advantage over the competitors. The below mentioned are some of the factors of the prod ucts design which aids the success and growth of the business entity: Increase in the customer satisfaction level: The products and the services, if designed according to the demands and requirements of the consumers will provide them satisfaction. The more the satisfaction level, the more will be the demand for the nest time. Moreover, the consumers will be brand loyal which will be demonstrating a hike in goodwill (McCrie, 20150. This will be proven beneficial in the path of success and growth of the business entity. Increase in the market share: The product design aids the business entity in attracting and influencing the consumers. The demand for the product depicts the market size of the business entity (Akalin, Huang and Willems, 2016). And as the product entity experiences an increase in the demand the market size ad share of the corporation will be high. So the BHP Billiton should design and develop the products for satisfying the consumers so as to increase the market demand which will finally result in an enhancement in the market share. An increase in the market share defines a Increasing brand equity and goodwill: The customer satisfaction level have a direct link with the brand equity and goodwill of the firm (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). The more the customer satisfaction the more will be the brand equity and the goodwill. A high level of goodwill demonstrates the stability of the business entity and a stable business corporation is understood to be a successful one. Supply chain design: Supply chain has been considered as an integral part of any of the business corporation and is also essential in the success, growth and customer satisfaction (Wisner, 2016). The below mentioned are some of the benefits for the customers which in-turn will reflect in the success and growth of BHP Billiton: The customers have an expectation of the correct product to be delivered and assortment of the same should be done which will be done, which brings enhancement in the satisfaction level. Moreover the orders should also be delivered at the right location and also the time of the delivery should be perfect (Bamford et al., 2015). The after sales service is an additional feature of the process which is required to be adhered by the company for increasing the satisfaction level of the consumers. All of the above mentioned are the points which enhance the satisfaction level of the consumers and will contribute in the success and growth of BHP Billiton The supply chain brings varied range of cost to a diminishing level which are presented as below: Brings purchasing cost to a decreasing level: The retailers are largely depended on the mechanism of supply chain and for a quick delivery of the expensive products so as to avoid holding costly inventories in the stores and outlets any longer that required necessary (Galliers and Leidner, 2014). Decreases production cost: There is a dependency of the manufacturers on the delivery of the materials to the manufacturing units so as to avoid the material shortages and that would bring the production process to a stop. The raw material sources from providers are changed to transitional items and completed products through assembling offices (Anderson, Anderson and Parker, 2013). The completed items are sent to conveyance focuses and from that point to retailers and at last to clients. Nonetheless, the supply chains, particularly of vast makers, can have essential, auxiliary, and tertiary providers moreover. Resource management The resources are the modes which can be utilized by the business entity for revenue generation. BHP Billiton is the multinational corporation which has a wide range of resources and the same are segmented in various divisions. For instance, tangible and intangible resources, is the main segmentation for the business corporation which can be proven beneficial for executing and adopting the approaches of resources management (Ferguson and Souza, 2016). These resources are considered as very much significant for the business entity and are also very much liable in contributing towards the growth and success. The resource management involves the adoption of strategies and approaches which will enable the business corporation to make the optimum utilization of the resources. Financial resources are one of the significant resources which can be plays an integral part in the success and growth of the firm. This resource enables the business entity to invest more on the best and contemporar y promotional mediums and platforms, which will develop a great awareness for the product in the market. Also, the entity will be able to hire a potential and expertise level of workforce which will serve the business entity to their best level (Bouchery et al., 2016). Moreover, a good financial stability will enable the business corporation to purchase a high quality of raw materials and which will in-turn will provide them with good quality of finished products. Human resource is the another segment which is also considered as one of the empirical factors in the concept of resource management. Human resource management will serve the business with the outcomes such as the attainment of the desired objectives and targets, increase in the goodwill, and enhancement of brand equity. One of the most valuable assets of the business organization is the workforce and the same is liable and held responsible for the execution of the overall operations and the functionalities. A well-managed human resource will lead the business organization to the gain a competitive advantage over the competitors and a competitive edge in the business environment. And hence the resource management within BHP Billiton can be considered as relevant and responsible factor which contributes in success and growth (Gupta and Starr, 2014). Conclusion In the limelight of the above executed analysis it has been inferred that the operations management is the concept which has been considered as a significant term in the success and growth of the business entity. The above presented report has been made focused on BHP Billiton which deals in mining activities. Moreover, the report has been segmented in two divisions, in first division the report includes some challenges which can be faced by the business entity and are liable in influencing the business operations in future. The second part comprises of the operations which are liable and are considered as significant for influencing the success and growth of the business corporation, There are number of operations in the business organization which contribute their working in the path of success and growth of the businesss entity and the same has been described I the above report. References Akalin, G.I., Huang, Z. and Willems, J.R., 2016. Is Supply Chain Management Replacing Operations Management in the Business Core Curriculum?.Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,9(2), pp.119-130. Anderson, M.A., Anderson, E.J. and Parker, G., 2013.Operations management for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Bamford, D., Moxham, C., Kauppi, K. and Dehe, B., 2015. Going the distance: Sport operations management in the public and third sectors.Public Sector Operations Management, Routledge, pp.13-29. Bianchi, M. and hlstrm, P., 2014, May. Additive manufacturing: towards a new operations management paradigm. In20th International EurOMA Conference. Bouchery, Y., Corbett, C.J., Fransoo, J.C. and Tan, T. eds., 2016.Sustainable Supply Chains: A Research-based Textbook on Operations and Strategy(Vol. 4). Springer. Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013.Strategic operations management. Routledge. Brown, S., Blackmon, K., Cousins, P. and Maylor, H., 2013.Operations management: policy, practice and performance improvement. Routledge. Casey, C, 2015, 7 Most common technology problems for small business, Assessed on 15th September 2017, https://blog.accentonit.com/7-most-common-technology-problems-for-small-businesses. Ferguson, M.E. and Souza, G.C. eds., 2016.Closed-loop supply chains: new developments to improve the sustainability of business practices. CRC Press. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Gupta, S. and Starr, M., 2014.Production and Operations Management Systems. CRC Press. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Hitt, M.A., Carnes, C.M. and Xu, K., 2016. A current view of resource based theory in operations management: A response to Bromiley and Rau.Journal of Operations Management,41(10), pp.107-109. Kammar, S, 2016, Advantages and disadvantages of job rotation/Job design, Assessed on 16th September 2017, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-job-rotation-job-design/75368/. Khanna, R.B., 2015.Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York, NY: Pearson. Mahadevan, B., 2015.Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India. McCrie, R., 2015.Security operations management. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oksbdc, 2015, Why is technology important in business, Assessed on 15th September 2017, https://www.oksbdc.org/why-is-technology-important-in-business/. Schnsleben, P., 2016.Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Schwarz, E.C., Hall, S.A. and Shibli, S., 2015.Sport facility operations management: A global perspective. Routledge. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Wisner, J.D., 2016.Operations Management: A Supply Chain Process Approach. Sage Publications.

Management Accounting and Evaluation for Telebox Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Management Accounting and Evaluation for Telebox Ltd. Answer: Calculation for Cost of Raw Material, Labor Cost and Overhead Expenses:- Output (in Units) : 200000 Particulars Cost per Unit Input per unit Total Requirement Total Cost Circuit Boards 50 1 200000 10000000 Delivery Cost 40 1 200000 8000000 Total Cost for Circuit Board 90 1 200000 18000000 Wiring (in rolls) 10 2 400000 4000000 Metal Solder (in Grams) 0.35 50 10000000 3500000 Add: Wastage 0.35 2.63 526315.79 184210.53 Total Cost of Metal Solder 0.35 52.63 10526315.79 3684210.53 Assembly Labor (in Hour) 12 0.5 100000 1200000 Remote Control Units 5 1 200000 1000000 Add: Shipment Cost 1.25 1 200000 250000 Total Cost of Remote Control 6.25 1 200000 1250000 Variable Production Overhead (in Hours) 15 0.5 100000 1500000 Fixed Production Overhead (in Hours) 25 0.5 100000 2500000 Calculation for Estimated Cost per Unit:- TOTAL Particulars Total Unit Cost per unit Amount Amount Budgeted Sales 200000 200 40000000 40000000 Cost of Raw Materials: Circuit Boards 200000 90 18000000 Wiring 200000 20 4000000 Metal Solder 200000 18.42 3684211 25684211 Assembly Labor Cost 200000 6.00 1200000 1200000 Indirect Material: Remote Control 200000 6.25 1250000 1250000 Overhead Expenses: Variable Overhead 200000 7.50 1500000 Fixed Overhead 200000 12.50 2500000 4000000 Selling, General Administration Overhead:- Research 200000 0.15 30000 Design 200000 0.125 25000 Marketing Distribution 200000 0.2 40000 Web-Site Maintenance 200000 0.1 20000 Customer Service 200000 0.05 10000 125000 Total Estimated Cost of Sales 200000 161.30 32259211 Budgeted Profit 200000 38.70 7740789 Budgeted Profit Margin 19.35% Calculation for Cost Gap:- Particulars Cost Price unit Total Unit Total Amount Estimated Cost 161.30 200000 32259211 Selling Price 200 200000 40000000 Less: Target Profit 44.00 200000 8800000 Target Cost 156.00 200000 31200000 Target Cost Gap 5.30 1059210.5 Introduction The main aim of every firm working in the current market is to generate revenue. It is done in order to create a strong grip over the market position and boost up the competitive position in the market. The firms running in the competitive economic market focus on decreasing their production cost in order to raise their revenue keeping the external operations required for the production unaffected. Telebox Ltd, producer of wireless set top box functions its business with the help of various suppliers as they require raw materials and auxiliary tools for the production process. This firm also faces other manufacturing costs relating to research, marketing design labour cost, web-site maintenance etc (Yazdifar and Askarany 2012). The primary focus of Telebox Ltd is to find out the predicted cost for every unit of wireless set top box. It is even seen that a cost gap is generated. Discussion The target cost gap is calculated by estimated cost minus the target cost. The higher management of Telebox Ltd therefore creates benchmarks, which is useful in making the target costs better by improving the operations and the technologies used for production. There are different operational strategies that can be used in order to decrease the cost gap. The company can minimize the various elements that are essential for the production process and for the auxiliary tools that are even inclusive in the production cost. It is essential for the firm to make use of the generally accepted tools and raw materials wherever required to reduce the bridge between their competitors (Johansen and Fossen 2013). The most primary process to raise the productivity and service quality is by showering adequate and relevant training to their staffs so they can obtain essential knowledge about the creative and relevant tools of operations. It is profitable for the organization to make use of different varieties of materials thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. The appointment of cheaper labours into the firm by employing the local community into the business is also useful to bridge the cost gap (Sani and Allahverdizadeh 2012). The entry of innovative and creative technology within the firm will raise the quality and productivity and will also decrease the cost related to manufacture. It is even important for the company to eliminate all the non-value added operations in relation to production thereby reducing the liability of the enterprise. The minimization in the in the cost of labour and raw materials consumed is even an appropriate way thereby reducing the waste coming out of the manufacturing unit. The organization should also take note to raise the productivity so that increase in production will lower the manufacturing cost in bulk. Telebox Ltd brings in raw materials and other necessary items from their suppliers and therefore require delivery and shipping cost (Fayard et al. 2014). The firms asks for special discounts in order to decrease the delivery cost by transporting bulk of raw materials through one consignment, thus decreasing the total number of trips. They even use Kaizen costing method a s this process finds out all the costs at the primary stage of manufacture and thus restricting the firms to invest in any non-value added operations (Jiang and Hansen 2016). From the above calculations, it is seen that Telebox Ltd has a positive cost gap. It has been occurred due to the utilization of low quality material. The company has a chance to improve the quality of the product as well as reduce the cost gap of per unit manufacture of wireless set top box . It is essential that the firm introduces the kaizen cost technique and target costing. The firm brings in circuit boards from the suppliers of Taiwan at 90 each, which includes the delivery charge. The organization asks the suppliers for discounts as they purchase their product in a bulk. The enterprise tries to lower its production cost by minimizing the delivery cost (Yoshikawa and Kouhy 2013). The firm is also in the need of purchasing metal solders, which is useful for making connections between the circuit boards and the wires (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Telebox Ltd in order to reduce the production cost thinks of using lower graded solders but the problem involved with such solders is that they produce a lot of waste whereas the higher graded solder does not leave any residue. It is seen that there is a difference of 1 between both the solders. Conclusion It is recommended that the organization should use higher graded solders as it does not leave any residue and therefore, the rate of higher grade solder will be lower than the lower grade solders (Melo, Granja and Ballard 2013). Telebox Ltd presently buys remote control for use with the set top box from a supplier. The cost of the shipment is 1250 that includes the cost of shipping for 1000 units of remote controls. The design team of Telebox, in order to minimize cost is having an idea of using the existing television remote for the set top boxes, thereby reducing the burden of an extra remote from the consumers. The use of the existing remote for the wireless set top boxes will decrease a certain amount of cost for the firm, which will decrease the cost gap. Introduction The primary focus of every enterprise is to retain a product price in the market that is inferior from their rival firms so that the enterprise lives through the competitive environment. The firms therefore look to evaluate their costs in the most suitable way. The cost detection is a vital part of every firm as it is good for the enhancement of the firm. Target costing is an essential model used for the evaluation of the production cost at the stage of design and lower the commodity cost before they are being manufactured. Thus, it can be stated that the primary focus of target costing is to monitor costs before they are introduced in the market (Briciu and Capusneanu 2013). Target costing is introduced at the primary stage of life-cycle of the product before product design and product development. Target costing is helpful in finding out the production model of a new commodity. Telebox being the industry in focus, it is seen that it is in a condition to implement wireless set top box, which is installed in the television set without the use of any wires (Bovea and Prez-Belis 2012). The introduction of the new product( wireless set top box) is in requirement of target costing so that a predicted cost can be attained. In the model of target costing, the operation is under the influence of the consumers and thus focuses on designing and distributing commodities over the life-cycle of the product. Telebox, thus brings in the new product by evaluating the demand of the current consumers (Mouritsen, Hansen and Hansen 2011). Target costing thus concentrates into the revenue and the cost incurred in the management operations to reduce the cost of the products t hrough the entire life of the commodity. Discussion The requirement of target costing took place from the demand of the producers to improve their product development and product cost management. Target costing alike costing models like kaizen costing, activity costing etc are used by industries like Telebox Ltd as they want to enhance their quality and productivity of their product (Nolan 2014). It is observed that target costing is undertaken at the primary stage of life-cycle of the product in which the product design and product development are initiated. Thus it is seen that product design and development is an essential feature while evaluating target costing. The lifeline of an enterprise is product development (Gopalakrishnan et al. 2015). The main aim of product development is to transfer demand of the market into practicality, converting the intangible to tangible and generation of new revenue within the firm. The importance of product development is as follows: Fresh Value to the Consumers The most essential factor for the generation of a new commodity is to satisfy the demand and value of the customers. The firms do not want to invest money in any commodity that does not satisfy the demand of the customers (Marion et al. 2015). The requirement of new and creative value inspires the enterprise firm to keep moving forward. Telebox bring in wireless set top box into the market as it knows that this commodity will enhance the lifestyle of the customers and provide value to them. Improved Society The new commodities manufactured are generally an incremental improvement over their past version having some added advantages and performance. Such products add new capital in the firm and even play a vital role in the development of the society (Homburg, Schwemmle and Kuehnl 2015). The implementation of wireless set top box will decrease any problems related to wires and makes product mobile. Existence and Expansion of the Company The innovative and creative commodity is a bloodline of the firm as if an enterprise does not enhance their product looking after the changing time and demand of the consumers, they product may die or eliminate from the market. The community even is enhanced with the continuous changes in the product as it improves their standard of living (Piller, Vossen and Ihl 2012). The rise in demand will raise the revenue of the firm resulting to the expansion of the organization. Telebox, with its low cost of production and and innovative wireless box will raise its revenue from the economy growing their business and obtaining greater market share. Product design on the other hand is an essential factor that enhances target costing with relation to the cost life cycle of a commodity. The life cycle of a product is very much dependent on the product designing as it inspires new and potential consumers in the market. There exist various problems, which an organization faces while starting product design mechanism at the primary phase of product life cycle (Mooi, Wathne and Kayande 2016). These problems mainly refer to rise in cost, lengthy timescales to introduce the commodity into the market as the firm needs to undertake extensive analysis and research. Product designing even faces the problem of output uncertainty as the firm is always not sure whether the product design will suit the requirements of the customers. It is a complex method to find out the transforming needs of the customers with respect to the change in time and therefore, creation of long term product design becomes difficult (Ullman 2015). Conclusion There are various problems with regard to the product design but there are certain pros associated to it as well. The firm even needs to look into the brighter aspect of and need to implement the same as product design is useful in generating innovative products that can make huge transformation in the market product design is useful in generating competitive gain as their design increases an edge over its rivalries (Ashby and Johnson 2013). Product design is helpful in developing reputation and brings in new opportunities thereby backing the firms to raise their share in the market and increase their profit. Telebox Ltd thus concentrates on the factors that are relevant to product development and product design and through this process tries to analyze the cost through target costing (Radlovic, Lemon and Ford 2013). Thus, it is visible that Telebox Ltd in trying to place its commodity in the focused market with concentrating on target costing and will analyze its product design and development, which can be helpful to them to raise their revenue and make a name of them in the market. Reference List .Ashby, M.F. and Johnson, K., 2013. Materials and design: the art and science of material selection in product design. Butterworth-Heinemann. Bovea, M. and Prez-Belis, V., 2012. A taxonomy of ecodesign tools for integrating environmental requirements into the product design process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 20(1), pp.61-71. Briciu, S. and Capusneanu, S., 2013. Pros and cons for the implementation of target costing method in Romanian economic entities. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 12(3), p.455. Fayard, D., Lee, L.S., Leitch, R.A. and Kettinger, W.J., 2014. Interorganizational cost management in supply chains: Practices and payoffs. Management Accounting Quarterly, 15(3), pp.1-9. Gopalakrishnan, M., Libby, T., Samuels, J.A. and Swenson, D., 2015. The effect of cost goal specificity and new product development process on cost reduction performance. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 42, pp.1-11. Homburg, C., Schwemmle, M. and Kuehnl, C., 2015. New product design: Concept, measurement, and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 79(3), pp.41-56. Jiang, L. and Hansen, C.., 2016. Target Costing as a Strategic Tool to Commercialize the Product and Service Innovation. Johansen, T.A. and Fossen, T.I., 2013. Control allocationa survey. Automatica, 49(5), pp.1087-1103. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015. Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Marion, T.J., Eddleston, K.A., Friar, J.H. and Deeds, D., 2015. The evolution of interorganizational relationships in emerging ventures: An ethnographic study within the new product development process. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(1), pp.167-184. Melo, R.S., Granja, A.D. and Ballard, G., 2013. Collaboration to Extend Target Costing to Non-Multi-Party Contracted Projects: Evidence From Literature. 21st Annual Summit of the International Group for Lean Construction, pp.1-10. Mooi, E.A., Wathne, K.H. and Kayande, U., 2016. Openness and Innovation Performance Revisited. Journal of Marketing Behavior, 2(1), pp.69-76. Mouritsen, J., Hansen, A. and Hansen, C.., 2001. Inter-organizational controls and organizational competencies: episodes around target cost management/functional analysis and open book accounting. Management Accounting Research, 12(2), pp.221-244. Nolan, K., 2014. The future of product development. Piller, F.T., Vossen, A. and Ihl, C., 2012. From social media to social product development: The impact of social media on co-creation of innovation. Die Unternehmung, 65(1). Radlovic, P., Lemon, M. and Ford, P.B., 2013. Design for the environment in UK product design consultancies and in-house design teams: an explorative case study on current practices and opinions. Sani, A.A. and Allahverdizadeh, M., 2012. Target and Kaizen Costing. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(2), pp.40-46. Ullman, D., 2015. The mechanical design process. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Yazdifar, H. and Askarany, D., 2012. A comparative study of the adoption and implementation of target costing in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. International Journal of Production Economics, 135(1), pp.382-392. Yoshikawa, T. and Kouhy, R., 2013. Continuous improvement and Kaizen Costing. The Routledge Companion to Cost Management, p.96.

Family and Marriage Therapy

Introduction Diagnosing a problem is one of the most important stages in resolving issues affecting individuals in relationships and the issues facing the family. However, diagnosis does not take place without the application of certain models or theories.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Family and Marriage Therapy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A therapist should employ a certain model or theory in diagnosing a problem affecting an individual in marriage or in a relationship. Theory refers to refined body of knowledge implying that it consists of concepts and ideas that have been applied successfully. In a family and marriage theory, practitioners apply certain theories in conducting their psychotherapy. These theories are very many implying that a therapist should decided on the best theory. In this article, three theories would be discussed in detail. They include solution based theory, structural, and emoti onal based theory. The major postulations of the theories will be discussed and personal view would be given. Solution Focused Theory Solution focused theory is a theory that is based on social constructionist principle. The theory posits that the main aim of the client is to achieve something rather than address all the problems facing him or her. In this regard, the therapist’s major task is to convene the wishes and the interests of the client in a most cost-effective way. The kind of therapy to be offered should not focus on the past at all because the patient is already aware of the past mistakes. The client is concerned with the present issues and the future solutions. The theory notes further that change is constant meaning that it will always be present in an individual’s life. The role of the therapist is to help the client mould a desired future by helping him retain some goals, drop others, and strive to achieve some that would be required to achieve the des ired goals.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fact that the theory does not focus on the past makes it appealing to many people, including myself. The main aim of an individual is to prevent the past mistakes and focus on the future. The past should not be discussed because it cannot be changed. The client has an opportunity to change the future, but not the past. The theory explains clearly how change is brought about because it suggests that the main objective of the therapist is to advice the client on how to achieve the best results in the future using the experiences of the past. I strongly concur with this statement. For instance, the therapist could advice the parents to forget about the past behavior of their child and focus on how to change the actions and beliefs of the child. The child could not be measured based on the failures, but the family could be advised to provid e the necessary incentives to help the child improve. The child would improve his or her performance in school after being reminded that he or she has ability if only he or she balances schoolwork with other activities. The therapist would advice the parents to encourage the child to be completing his or her homework before attending games or plays. Through this, the family would have prevented conflicts. In this regard, I suggest that therapy should aim at improving the future life of a client meaning that the past does not matter so much, even though it must be used to understand the current problems. In my view, the theory gives the exact aim of therapy because it suggests that the solution should be reached at the end of the therapy. The perception of the theory is that therapy should not be used to describe the past problems of the client because it would only be causing many problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Family and Marriage Therapy specifical ly for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is true because I believe that the client might be touched by the past, especially when the past is marred by conflicts and troubles. I also believe that therapy should involve only the concerned client, unlike other practitioners who involve all family members and friends in the therapy. Therefore, others should not be involved, apart from the affected individuals only. For instance, the parent could be involved in case the client in question is their daughter or son. I propose that the client should be asked questions regarding his or her preferred future in a closed-door meeting. In this case, my opinion is that other people should not be involved because the objectives of the client are confidential, including his or her history. Structural Theory Structural theory is one of the theories developed by Salvador Minuchin to explain family and marriage therapy. The theory resolves family problems through ch arting the relationships among family members and family sub-sets. The theory suggests that family conflicts are caused by the dysfunctional social systems (Minuchin, 1974). The family encounters problems mainly because of its failure to adapt to stressors, including extra-family and idiosyncratic stressors. In the family, hierarchy of power is critical to the understanding of the functions of the family. The main aim of the theorist was to formulate a theory that would promote restructuring of the family system based on a healthy line.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theory has strong techniques that are utilized for intervention whenever the family faces problems. The theory is consistent with my belief because it states that each subsystem has its roles and functions. My opinion is that for a family and marriage to be successful, each subsystem must play its role and function effectively. Previous scholars noted that failure to play roles and these functions honestly would lead to anomy or some state of lawlessness. I strongly agree with this view because the parent must accept the fact that they grew up in a different era as that of their children. In this regard, I propose that parents must allow their children to exercise some freedom, as they grow old. Children on their part must understand their role in the family play without failure. Munchin believed that change could not occur unless some structures are tailored, which involve permitting some elasticity. I also believe that change would be ensured through manipulation of the proces s, including excluding some members from the therapy. The excluded members could be allowed to view the proceedings in a mirror (Minuchin, Fishman, 2004). Through this, the family would realize the effect of dysfunctional subsystem and would definitely be open to change through restructuring. Since therapy is meant to resolve the current and future problems, I agree that the theory is well placed to explain how therapists should carry out their diagnosis. The therapist should always be in control according to theory, which should not always be the case. Each person should be involved in making critical decisions hence the therapist should listen to the views of clients before moving in to suggest a possible decision. If allowed to make all major decisions, the therapist might be influenced by his or her own beliefs to give a wrong diagnosis or even verdict. The theory suggests that all available members must be allowed to give their views, but the final verdict rests with the thera pist. Indeed, this is also my opinion since the family functions as a single unit meaning that each person should be requested to give his or her view as regards to how the problem affects his or her ordinary life. The process is controlled because some participants could be biased. Finally, the concerned individual is then addressed last. Emotional Focused Theory Emotional focused theory was developed from attachment theory. It entails some elements of experiential and personal centered theories. The theory suggest that emotions have an adaptive potential, which means that they could be used to bring about change in an individual’s life. Emotions can be manipulated to bring about desired behavior in a client’s life. The main problem in human life is the control of emotions because people fail to control themselves leading to serious problems that might sometimes be unsolvable. Emotions are related the needs that an individual values in his or her life. They force peop le to act in a way that would dangerous to themselves, as well as other individuals (Greenberg, Johnson, 1988). Emotion focused theory is employed in scenarios where the client is unable to manage his or her emotions. The main aim of the therapist is to help the client identify the effects of his emotions in decision-making process. The idea that people’s decision-making mechanisms are influenced by their emotions is a valid statement. I subscribe to the provisions of this theory mainly because of this fact. People sometimes overreact only because of their emotional state. They would cause harm to other people since they are in bad emotional states. The main role of the therapist would be to understand the causes of mood swing and advice the client to keep off from those conditions that change his or her mood. The therapist would have resolved the main issues affecting the client by helping him or her adjust accordingly. Many people would enjoy their interactions and relatio nships in families and marriage if they were able to control their moods. Therefore, change would be inevitable if people are helped to control their emotions (Johnson, 2002). I propose that the therapy should be interactive meaning that the client should give his or her side of the story while the therapist uses some of the established theories and professional experience to offer advice. This should be the nature of interaction between the therapist and the client. The theory suggests that the therapist should offer assistance based on the information provided by the client, which is also a valid approach according to my view. In emotional focus theory, all the affected should be consulted before giving the final verdict. This is because each person in the family is affected by the actions and behavior of the patient. Questions Solution Focused Theory Does the client get involved in reaching the desired solution Could the solution resolve the issue What could be the implication o f the decision What about other people that is, does the solution affect other family members In which way doe the solution provided affect other members of the family Has the solution provided ever worked in other patients with similar problems How different are the current objectives from the suggested objectives Structural Theory Does the affected individual play his or her role in society What is actually the role or the function of the patient in the family or marriage Does the subsystem cease functioning after the patient stops playing his or her role What is the perception of other family members towards the patient, are they willing to welcome him or her in the family once he or she plays the role Are other family members willing to readjust their views and positions to accommodate the new changes How does the family play its role, does it base its role playing on the traditional and modern society Emotional Focus Theory Do emotions affect the performance of the client a t the work place What are some of the effects of the emotion towards role playing in the family setup Is the emotion related to other activities such as drug abuse For how long has the patient showed the symptoms of negative attitude Does the patient relate well with his or her peers Are the emotions related to other psychological disorders, such as stress and depression References Greenberg, L.S., Johnson, S.M. (1988). Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples. New York: Guilford Press. Johnson, S.M. (2002). Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy with Trauma Survivors: Strengthening Attachment Bonds. New York: Guilford Press. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and Family Therapy. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Minuchin, S., Fishman, H. C. (2004). Family Therapy Techniques. Harvard: Harvard University Press. This essay on Family and Marriage Therapy was written and submitted by user Harmony W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jesus

Jesus’ parables will always be a wonderful way to get a point across to a crowd. They make the lesson or message more personable and help the relate the point more closely to their own life. Neil Lightfoot states eloquently when he says: The parables of Jesus will always remain the very center and heart of the teachings of Christ. They summarize what Jesus taught and lived. They tell us what the good life is, what the real values of life are. They speak to man, and bind principles upon him, in terms he can understand. They are plain practical lessons for all ages, even are they depict a religion that is designed for all men. The parables that appear only in Luke all make very important points that would be lost if the gentile physician did not record them. We can gain so much from the following stories that would be lost otherwise. The parable of the Good Samaritan appears in Luke 10:25-37. The parable involves a lawyer asking Jesus how to inherit eternal life. When Jesus catches the lawyer in his own game by asking him his knowledge of the law, the lawyer again tries to corner him by asking for a definition of neighbor. Jesus then tells the story of a man who falls into thieves and is ignored by a priest and a Levite. He finally receives aid from a Samaritan who takes him to an inn and finances his recovery (The Holy Bible). The first two travelers knew of God’s unending love for man. The priest and the Levite both had dealings with God and his teachings on a day to day basis. Despite this exposure to God’s love they had not learned how to live their lives as God wanted them to. The significance of the third traveler who finally helped the man in need was the fact that the Samaritan race was scorned by other races because they were comprised of Israelites that had married with foreigners. These feelings of animosity had reached a peak when the Samaritans had offered help to the Jews in building a temple on Mt.... Free Essays on Jesus Free Essays on Jesus Jesus’ parables will always be a wonderful way to get a point across to a crowd. They make the lesson or message more personable and help the relate the point more closely to their own life. Neil Lightfoot states eloquently when he says: The parables of Jesus will always remain the very center and heart of the teachings of Christ. They summarize what Jesus taught and lived. They tell us what the good life is, what the real values of life are. They speak to man, and bind principles upon him, in terms he can understand. They are plain practical lessons for all ages, even are they depict a religion that is designed for all men. The parables that appear only in Luke all make very important points that would be lost if the gentile physician did not record them. We can gain so much from the following stories that would be lost otherwise. The parable of the Good Samaritan appears in Luke 10:25-37. The parable involves a lawyer asking Jesus how to inherit eternal life. When Jesus catches the lawyer in his own game by asking him his knowledge of the law, the lawyer again tries to corner him by asking for a definition of neighbor. Jesus then tells the story of a man who falls into thieves and is ignored by a priest and a Levite. He finally receives aid from a Samaritan who takes him to an inn and finances his recovery (The Holy Bible). The first two travelers knew of God’s unending love for man. The priest and the Levite both had dealings with God and his teachings on a day to day basis. Despite this exposure to God’s love they had not learned how to live their lives as God wanted them to. The significance of the third traveler who finally helped the man in need was the fact that the Samaritan race was scorned by other races because they were comprised of Israelites that had married with foreigners. These feelings of animosity had reached a peak when the Samaritans had offered help to the Jews in building a temple on Mt.... Free Essays on Jesus Hundreds of years before Jesus' birth, the Old Testament of the Bible recorded the words of the prophets of Israel predicting His coming. The Old Testament, written by many people over a period of 1,500 years, contains more than 300 prophecies describing His appearance. All of these details came true, including his miraculous birth, His sinless life, His many miracles, His death and His resurrection. The life Jesus led, the miracles He did, the words He spoke, His death on the cross, His resurrection, His ascent to heaven - all point to the fact that He was not merely man, but more than man. Jesus claimed, I and the Father are one (John 10:30), He who has seen me has seen the Father (John 14:9), and I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father except through Me. (John 14:6). As we study Scripture and the life of Jesus, we realize that his life purpose and message change. Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, in the south of Palestine. He grew up in a very or dinary town, named Nazareth, located in Galilee, which was in the north of Palestine. Jesus was a carpenter, but at the age of 30, He became a religious teacher, moving from town to town. In Luke 4:14-22, we read what happened when Jesus began teaching. He went to the synagogue, which was the local place of worship. Although He probably had no more religious education than the average Jewish man, people wanted to hear Him. He was asked to speak at the synagogue in Looking at the life and influence of Jesus of Nazareth throughout history and you will see that Jesus Christ was in fact the living Son of God. Jesus and His message always produce great changes in the lives of men and of nations. Wherever His teachings and influence have gone, the holiness has flowed. He has been a major influence in my life. Through my personal relationship with Jesus, I have been able to change my life for the better. I talk with him on a normal basis. I look to him for guidan... Free Essays on Jesus Jesus There has never been a man like Jesus. He is considered to be the most unique person of all time. Jesus’ teachings have influenced many people and have changed mankind. According to Marcus J. Borg in Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time, Jesus was in a way four different people fused into one. He was a spirit person, which is a person with a deep unexplainable connection with the spirit of God. Jesus was a teacher of wisdom. He used parables and one-liners to teach about the Kingdom of God. These parables and aphorisms are the only direct connection we have with the historical Jesus. We get to read what came from him directly and we get a better sense of whom he really was. Borg also describes Him as a social prophet, which is characterized as a person that has conflicts with authority, that criticizes the elites of his time, and that promoted a different â€Å"social vision.† The last identity that Borg gives Jesus is that of a movement founder. He started a renew al movement ! for Judaism that went past the social barriers of his time. We do not know much about Jesus until he was about thirty years old. We do however know that Jesus was a Jew, which is surprisingly not known by quite a few Christians. He grew up in Galilee and spoke Aramaic, or Hebrew. The Torah was his primary reading in school and he probably became a tekton, a Greek word that means carpenter. Borg explains that Jesus probably went to follow a prophet named John, but when John was arrested he carried on with God’s Word. The historical Jesus was nonmessiac, which means that we do not know if He thought of himself as the Messiah or the Son of God. His message always pointed away from Himself and towards God. Borg give some major impressions of Jesus and what kind of a person he was. For example, Jesus was a right and left-brained thinker. He was an eloquent speaker that was great at debate and story telling. Jesus was not always liked. People would tr... Free Essays on Jesus Jesus There has never been a man like Jesus. He is considered to be the most unique person of all time. Jesus’ teachings have influenced many people and have changed mankind. According to Marcus J. Borg in Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time, Jesus was in a way four different people fused into one. He was a spirit person, which is a person with a deep unexplainable connection with the spirit of God. Jesus was a teacher of wisdom. He used parables and one-liners to teach about the Kingdom of God. These parables and aphorisms are the only direct connection we have with the historical Jesus. We get to read what came from him directly and we get a better sense of whom he really was. Borg also describes Him as a social prophet, which is characterized as a person that has conflicts with authority, that criticizes the elites of his time, and that promoted a different â€Å"social vision.† The last identity that Borg gives Jesus is that of a movement founder. He started a renewal movement for Judaism that went past the social barriers of his time. We do not know much about Jesus until he was about thirty years old. We do however know that Jesus was a Jew, which is surprisingly not known by quite a few Christians. He grew up in Galilee and spoke Aramaic, or Hebrew. The Torah was his primary reading in school and he probably became a tekton, a Greek word that means carpenter. Borg explains that Jesus probably went to follow a prophet named John, but when John was arrested he carried on with God’s Word. The historical Jesus was nonmessiac, which means that we do not know if He thought of himself as the Messiah or the Son of God. His message always pointed away from Himself and towards God. Borg give some major impressions of Jesus and what kind of a person he was. For example, Jesus was a right and left-brained thinker. He was an eloquent speaker that was great at debate and story telling. Jesus was not always liked....

Engineering application - Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering application - Marketing - Essay Example Information technology enabled adequate programming of the speed and the direction that the hover board travels in. Since innovation, the safety, convenience and comfort of the technology have been assured through numerous scientific tests. The marketing plan also strives to increase the sales of the hover boards among the targeted market. The company aims at achieving 500% increase in sales in the financial year 2015/2016. The expected market share target in this the 2015/2016 trading period is 10% of the international human transportation market. The financial value of the marketing plan involves enhancing the sales revenue and the profitability levels of the company. The enhanced financial value has the beneficial effect of improving shareholder returns, and financial new production system that creates more superior products for the future transportation market. The desired trading period sales turnover is USD 100 million, and the expected profit level is USD 30 million. The improved products and services for the hoover boards illustrated by the marketing plan are enhanced entertainment and protection features such as automatic stereo systems, comfort features, and superior safety products. The desired timescale of achieving the marketing results is just on trading period, 2015/2016. The marketing project will use a budget of USD 50 million. The company will experience several consequences if the marketing plan is not implemented. A major negative consequence is that publicity will be minimal; hence, the target customer base will not understand features of the product. Positive aspect of not implementing the plan entails making savings on the bu dgeted amount (USD 70 million) for the marketing project. The marketing plan aims at illustrating the marketing strategies adopted by the company (Future Technologies), for the new technology product referred to as hover boards. The strategies are further analyzed in terms

The Role of Employee Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Role of Employee Identification - Essay Example I will develop my interpersonal skills by focusing on the subject of organizational communication in my course. This will help to understand different types of personality traits and how they react to different organizational culture. This will allow me to properly communicate with my supervisors as well as my subordinates. The proper communication will help me to monitor the performance level of the firm as well as communicate proper feedback to my supervisors. Improving analytical skills is a relatively long term process, where I will need to focus on problem solving and pattern recognition. I will strengthen my statistical knowledge and gain expertise in tools like excel and SPSS. This will also help me to improve my mathematical skills. Moreover, I will also focus on the financial aspect of management, because a manager needs to be profit oriented. By following the traits of great leaders, I will develop leadership qualities in me that will help me to motivate my employees.Descri bing KSA to a Prospective EmployerBeing an effective and efficient employee requires a combination of both knowledge and expertise. My management studies course has given me enough knowledge to understand the current market scenario and has prepared me to face challenging situations. I have developed analytical skills that will help me make proper decisions and allocate tasks effectively. My good communicational skills will help me to improve my performance efficiency in your organization.